See also: EmergentBehavior, EmergentProperty WardCunningham is really into these. -- StevenNewton I'd like to learn more about them. What are they? Can you give me some examples? ''GameOfLife? (See also UltraStructure, which could be relevant.)'' Take a frying pan or skillet full of half opened paper-clips and shake it for a while. They will come out in chains and clumps. If not you didn't shake things long enough or you didn't open the clips up enough! So: a collection of sticky but disconnected items tends to form clumps when shaken up -- long enough and if not shaken enough to fall apart and if they are stick enough. [irony] { This is the answer to life, death, and the universe. } This is how my brain spells things:-{ ---- See ''Complexity : The Emerging Science at the Edge of Order and Chaos'' (ISBN 0671872346). (Note that the book is targeted at the general public, so it is not very technical) ---- CategoryEmergence