S language (EssLanguage) is a programming language designed for use for calculation of statistics.

http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/ms/departments/sia/Sbook/index.html

For the background see this article on Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_%28programming_language%29
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R language (ArrLanguage) is a public domain version.
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CategoryProgrammingLanguage CategoryStatistics