Also known as PessimisticLocking.

Typical synchronization techniques are LockBasedSynchronization: 

* Semaphores, 
* Monitors, or 
* Messages (like using regular queues, but interprocess).

This division is most noticed in Unix, except that instead of Monitors, Unix has SharedMemory, which is just a communication mechanism which requires synchronization.

JavaLanguage has monitors and nothing else. This is because Monitors are easier to use and they look a lot like classes. Besides, any of the three can be implemented using either of the other two.

And then LockFreeSynchronization was born.

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Advanced LockBasedSynchronization:
RendezVous, ReadWriteLock. 

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See: SynchronizationStrategies