As I finished my case study sketch in OneLargeEvolutionaryAttempt I began to think about the reasons of the "super-manager" there in choosing WaterFall to the detriment of his own project and how they fitted with the four options I've posited on Wiki, IgnoranceFearPrideOrFraud. Simplifying only a little the results came out as follows: * Ignorance 25% * Fear 25% * Pride 25% * Fraud 25% (not just money in this case but kudos within the organisation) As others have pointed out, you can view the "it's the only way I know how to control and I can't afford to experiment on this one" as a positive reason in many circumstances so let's add fifth 25% for that, which was certainly present too! This mix (or something better) is very common I'm sure. But if you dare even to mention the "extreme" possibility of Fraud as a factor in commercial choices, I think people hear you as saying "it's pretty much the only factor" or "by far the most important factor". In IgnoranceFearPrideOrFraud I wasn't asserting that, I was genuinely trying to ask the question of what mix people had experienced. I just couldn't possibly in good conscience have left fraud out completely. ---- Here's a parallel example: I don't know (and nor do you) what is going to happen as a result of Y2K system failures starting (wrong but give me some slack here) in nine days time. The probabilities as I see it are (for illustrative purposes only): * No problem at all 25% * Minor bump in the road 25% * Major depression 25% * TEOTWAWKI 25% How come I get attacked for the gravely irresponsible paranoia of the last one but not for the laughable optimism of the first one? Because MostExtremeIsHeardLoudest. Now perhaps I understand.