This term usually refers to a Domain Name System which translates textual names into their 
32 bit Ip Addresses -- as in c2.com --> 209.162.215.78

Technically DNS stands for D''''''omainNameSystem and a DNS server either answers queries
or recursively queries other DNS servers until it gets an authoritative answer or the query times out.

A good resource for dns is http://www.dns.net/dnsrd/
* How does this system work? 
** http://www.lantimes.com/handson/97/706a107a.html

Some are concerned with the Security Risks it presents.

The ManPage you want is the one for
  dig @ns.example.net example.com

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