Symbolics was a manufacturer of LispMachine''''''s.  Still highly collectible, and easy to buy for under $1000USD.  

Symbolics Lisp Machine Museum:
* http://www.sts.tu-harburg.de/~r.f.moeller/symbolics-info/symbolics.html
* http://www.abstractscience.freeserve.co.uk/symbolics/
* http://www.angelfire.com/oh/vector7/symbolics.html
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Symbolics was a maker of Lisp Machines. They are still selling a software emulation running on DEC Alpha systems. The emulation is called OpenGenera.

The operating system is called GeneraOs. Genera is completely written in Lisp - networking, graphics, device drivers, applications - everything. Some systems are still running on the Internet. The operating system provides for example TCP/IP, DNS client and server, mail client and server, X11, and many more Internet-based services. In fact the company Symbolics was the first organization ever to have a domain name - symbolics.com in 1985. A popular application is CL-HTTP, a web server written in Common Lisp. The author of CL-HTTP is John Mallery from the MIT AI Lab.

There was another operating system for Symbolics' Lisp Machines called Minima. It was developed for real-time systems like AT&T's ATM switches.

Symbolics built their own microprocessor - the Ivory - specially optimized to run Lisp software. Ivory-based machines were for example:

	* XL400, a workstation with a VME bus and a megapixel console with mouse.
	* XL1200, a workstation with a VME bus and a megapixel console with mouse. Symbolics also created high-end graphics cards for the XL1200 called FrameThrower.
	* XL1201, a pizza box workstation with megapixel console.
	* UX400, a VME bus card for SUNs.
	* UX1200, a VME bus card for SUNs.
	* MacIvory I, a set of NuBus card for Macs.
	* MacIvory II, a set of NuBus card for Macs.
	* MacIvory III, a NuBus card for Macs. One very large Nubus card (plus a daughter card) had space for the Ivory processor and 8MW of memory. 
	* NXP1000, a pizza box machine without console. Used via X11.

Typical applications for these machines:

	* large and complex ArtificialIntelligence software development environments like KEE or KnowledgeCraft.
	* AI applications like the credit card transaction checking software from AmericanExpress, Cyc, Metal, ...
	* documentation authoring with Concordia, the first large-scale commercial HyperText system.
	* 3D graphics with the S-Graphics suite. Used in computer games, movies and tv spots. Later S-Graphics has been ported to SGIs and NT machines. IZWare sells a system called Mirai, which is a rewrite.
	* 3D CAD applications like ICAD.
	* ECAD systems for chip design.
	* ComputerAlgebra with Macsyma.
	* Image Processing with Scope.
	* Neural Network development with Plexi.
	* Frontends to super computers like Thinking Machine's Connection Machine. 

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CategoryLisp